AI Chatbots and Their Impact on Youth

The use of artificial intelligence chatbots is becoming widespread among American youth. Recent surveys show that nearly two-thirds of tweens and teens use AI chatbots. These surveys highlight some positive and concerning trends regarding how young people incorporate AI into their lives.

Early Adoption of AI

According to data from Common Sense Media, AI chatbot usage begins early, often before the age of 13. Nearly half of 9-to-12-year-olds have used AI chatbot tools. By age 13, approximately 75% of kids have interacted with chatbots.

The JED Foundation conducted a separate survey, revealing that 90% of 5,500 students aged 9 to 17 have used AI chatbots. The primary reasons include assistance with schoolwork and coping with emotional challenges.

Practical Applications

Many students, like 15-year-old Arjun Sharda from Texas, use AI for academic purposes. Sharda utilizes chatbots to practice sample test questions and better understand classroom concepts. In Massachusetts, McKenzie Craig, 17, uses AI to manage tasks and refine her assignments through platforms like Grammarly and ChatGPT.

AI chatbots also serve as a source of emotional support. Sharda and his friends use these tools to alleviate stress and anxiety, particularly during exams.

Mental Health Concerns

Despite the benefits, certain uses of AI are linked to poorer mental health outcomes. JED Foundation researchers found correlations between AI use during emotional distress and reports of poor mental health and suicidal thoughts. However, they caution that the data does not establish causality.

Developmental psychologist Anne Maheux’s research suggests these links might go both ways: students with existing mental health issues might seek AI assistance, which could amplify challenges rather than resolve them.

In a study of middle schoolers, Maheux observed that those using AI for companionship often became lonelier over time. Similar findings appeared in studies of young adults. Those who rely heavily on AI for emotional support report worsening mental health over time.

Potential Explanations

Maheux proposes that AI might provide immediate relief from emotional distress, such as loneliness and anxiety. However, it may hinder the development of coping skills to tackle daily challenges. This reliance, she suggests, could lead to deteriorating mental health.