Mezcal’s Journey: Success Amidst Risks
The hills of Oaxaca, located in southern Mexico, produce a distinct aroma of roasted agave. This scent from traditional stone ovens marks the success of the mezcal industry. In 2025, Mexico’s mezcal production reached 7.7 million bottles, a notable increase compared to a decade prior.
A visit to a distillery in Santiago Matatlan reveals the complexity of mezcal. The spirit begins in isolated mountain towns, navigating over 750 miles to the U.S. border, encapsulating a remarkable journey. However, the success of mezcal faces threats from criminal groups.
Threats from Criminal Groups
Mexico has a high risk of violent cargo truck hijacking, affecting mezcal shipments. The roads from Oaxaca through central Mexico pose a particular risk. In September 2024, a hijacking of Monte Alban mezcal occurred on the Mexico-Tuxpan highway. Other incidents include the theft of 9,000 premium agave bottles valued at $1.3 million in Guanajuato and 64 tons of alcohol in Hidalgo.
Organized crime groups target food and beverages for resale in informal markets. While Oaxaca isn’t yet a major hotspot, shipments face escalating risks as they pass through regions like Puebla, where local collusion impedes investigations.
Industry Implications
Puebla and Mexico State, situated north of Oaxaca, recorded 79% of all hijackings in early 2026. Despite threats, mezcal sales in the U.S. are thriving, with an anticipated market value reaching $1 billion by the early 2030s.
Oaxaca contributes about 90% of mezcal production, relying on traditional methods at family-owned distilleries. This contrasts with tequila, which leans towards mass-scale production. Mezcal delivers hope to Oaxaca, Mexico’s third poorest state, receiving minimal foreign investment.
Overall Cargo Theft Concerns
Nearly $1 million in goods are lost daily to cargo theft in Mexico. Approximately 50 cargo trucks face hijacking daily. The Mexican Association of Transport Organizations protested against highway robbery to highlight these concerns.
President Claudia Sheinbaum has seen a decrease in violence since late 2024 but faces scrutiny over allegations of political collusion with criminal groups. Soloman Jara Cruz, Oaxaca’s governor, along with governors from nearby states, faces similar scrutiny under this threat.
Ensuring Safe Transport
Mezcal’s success depends on safe transportation from mountain towns to U.S. restaurants and bars. Losing a truckload can financially devastate artisan producers. Addressing political failures and enhancing highway security are crucial to preserving Oaxaca’s growing industry.
Mark Vickers, Executive Vice President and head of International Logistics at Reliance Partners.
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