Understanding Survival After Earthquakes

Survival for those trapped in rubble after an earthquake depends on various factors, including weather conditions and access to vital resources like water and air. If injuries are not severe, victims can survive for over a week, provided the temperature is moderate, say experts.

Rescue teams are in a race against time following the powerful and deadly earthquake that struck western Colombia. The first 24 hours post-disaster see the majority of rescues, as survival chances diminish with each passing day. Most victims often suffer injuries or become buried under debris.

In Japan, a teenager and his grandmother survived nine days trapped following the 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Similarly, a Haitian girl was rescued after 15 days in rubble in Port-au-Prince in the previous year.

The availability of air and water becomes crucial as time progresses. Geophysicist Victor Tsai from Brown University highlights that survival is more likely for those sheltered in a debris-free pocket, safeguarding them from major injuries while awaiting rescue. Such spaces are referred to as ‘survivable void spaces’ by experts.

Additional risks from fire, smoke, or hazardous chemicals, if present, can jeopardize survival odds, according to Dr. Joseph Barbera, an emergency response expert at George Washington University.

Temperature impacts survival. External weather conditions also affect the efficiency of rescue missions. In Colombia, earthquake fatalities are mainly reported from cities such as Cali, Pereira, Manizales, and Quibdo. Information from rural areas is less available.

Signs of hope emerge, such as the rescue of a 32-year-old woman in Pereira, found alive after 36 hours under debris. Barbera stresses the importance of administering medical care to survivors before extrication to prevent toxin buildup from crushed muscles, which may lead to shock upon rescue.

Survival during an Earthquake

Best practices for surviving an earthquake vary globally. Areas with seismic activity often have building codes that protect against collapses, but this is not universal.

In many nations, including the United States, recommended actions include dropping, seeking cover, and holding on unless close to an exit. Find shelter under a strong table or near solid furniture to create a potential survivable pocket if the roof falls. Cover your face with cloth or a mask for protection from dust and debris.

If trapped, conserve energy and avoid overexertion. Ration food and water, listen for rescue efforts, and use nearby objects to make noise. If accessible, use your phone but conserve its battery, reaching out for help in short daily attempts.

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