Understanding N95 Respirators: What You Need to Know

N95 respirators offer the highest level of protection among face masks according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These masks are designed to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, both large and small. A tight fit reduces gaps around the sides, chin, and nose. N95 respirators are regulated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States, making them easier to purchase than international variants such as KN95s and KF94s.

When medical experts refer to ‘respirators’, they mean face coverings with certified filtration such as N95s, KN95s, and KF94s. This article explores how to identify genuine N95 masks, the differences between respirators and face coverings, and appropriate times to wear them. Additionally, it highlights some NIOSH-approved N95 respirators available online.

Choosing NIOSH-Approved N95 Masks

While multiple N95 respirators pass NIOSH’s stringent requirements, the CDC suggests reserving surgical-grade masks for healthcare professionals. Here, we focus on other NIOSH-approved N95s available for the general public. These recommended masks feature two headstraps and adjustable nose bridges. Some come individually wrapped, while others are packaged together.

• 3M Aura Foldable N95 Respirator: Features a three-panel design to reduce profile around the nose and eyes. Available in packs of 10 or 20.
• Shawmut N95 Respirators: Sold in packs of 20 or 240, equipped with foam line nose pieces to minimize eyeglass fogging.
• Honeywell Flat N95s: Adjustable nose clips with foam cushions for a better seal. Available in packs of 20.
• Pouch Design N95s: Offer a large breathing chamber, conveniently sold in packs of 50.
• DemeTech N95s: Five-layer material with fold-flat designs, available in packs of 20.

Features and Approval

N95 masks must be NIOSH-approved, which ensures they meet specific testing requirements. Purchase only those listed on NIOSH’s Certified Equipment List. This approval means the mask filters at least 95% of particles 0.3 microns in size.

Experts advise using N95 masks with two straps and adjustable wire nose bridges for a secure fit. Avoid masks with exhaust ports, as noted by Dr. David Rempel from the University of California, San Francisco.

How to Wear N95 Masks

Correct mask wearing is essential for personal protection and preventing transmission. Ensure the mask covers your mouth and nose and fits snugly against your face. Check for tightness by breathing out; air escaping near your chin or eyes indicates poor fit. If eyeglasses fog up, adjust the mask, advises Dr. Stella Hines from the University of Maryland School of Medicine.

Adjustable nose bridges and mask fitters can enhance fit, especially for those with facial hair.

When to Wear a Face Mask

Without a national mask mandate in the U.S., wearing decisions can be challenging. Here are some guidelines from the experts:

• Wear masks in crowded indoor venues where you are exposed for 15-20 minutes, such as concerts and grocery stores, according to Dr. Carl Fichtenbaum from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.
• When sick, especially with a fever, stay home. If symptoms persist, wear a mask to limit spreading, advises Dr. Sharon Nachman from Stony Brook Children’s Hospital.
• If you have a higher infection risk due to factors like age or health conditions, consider masks.
• Monitor local illness rates using CDC trackers and wear masks if trending upward.

Frequently Asked Questions

Formal fit tests are not necessary for the public; however, workplaces that mandate N95 usage may require official tests. Regardless, proper fit should be verified before use.

N95 masks can be reused if properly stored between uses. Store by grasping head straps and placing in paper or mesh bags. Replace the mask if damaged, unable to seal, or contaminated.

While N95 masks aren’t broadly tested for children, small sizes may be available. Well-fitting masks reduce the chance of incorrect wearing by children.

N95 masks may be reimbursable under FSA, HSA, or HRA accounts.

Meet Our Health Experts

NBC Selected collaborates with knowledgeable health experts:

• Dr. David Rempel, University of California, San Francisco
• Dr. Stella Hines, University of Maryland School of Medicine
• Dr. Carl Fichtenbaum, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
• Dr. Sharon Nachman, Stony Brook Children’s Hospital

This article is based on profound expertise and researched resources from CDC and NIOSH, ensuring independent advice with no undisclosed conflicts.

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